Photographic shutter.



P. J. MARKS. PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. a1, 1908.

Patented Aug. 31, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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P. J. MARKS. PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1908.

932,485. Patented Aug. 31. 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

a9 7 5 attoznu d UNITED STATES PATEN @FiQE.

PAUL J. MARKS, OFROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, OF

ROGHESTEB NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

application filed-August 31,- 1908. Serial No. 451,042.

To all wlz am it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL J. MARKS, of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic Shutters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the reference-numerals marked thereon.

My present invention relates to shutters for photographic cameras such as embody a plurality of ivoted overlapping leaves or blades, and it lias for its object to provide a suitable operating mechanism therefor whereby the leaves may be operated for making either time, bulb or instantaneous exposures.

My invention also has for its object the arrangement of parts whereby the shutter maybe made diminutive in size and to provide in connection with such a shutter means for governing the movement of the blade controlling devices to enable proper exposure to be made under all conditions.

Another object of my invention is to provide an iris diaphragm which is adapted to be arranged exteriorly of the shutter casing and to lie between the latter and the usual lens board or support on which the shutter is mounted.

To these and other ends the invention con sists in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a front elevation of a camera shutter embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view thereof with the cover or front of the casing removed, showing the parts in normal position. 3 is also a front elevation showing in detail the master member, and the actuating device therefor. Fig. 4 is a view showing the master member in actuated position and the time and bulb stops adapted to cooperate therewith, the sup ort for said stops being omitted to more 0 early illustrate the underlying parts. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the master member in the position in which it is temporarily arrested by the bulb stop. Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to rested by the time stop. Fig. 7 is an onlarged sectional view taken on the line 7 7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a rear view of the shutter casing. Fig. 9 is a detail plan View showing the parts of the diaphragm removed from the shutter casing, and Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail sectional view of the governor taken on the line 10 10 of Fig. 2.

Similar reference numerals in the several figures indicate similar parts.

A camera shutter embodying my invention is arranged within a circular casing embodying the bottom 1, provided with a central aperture 2, and surrounded by a flange or rim 3 on which is fitted a cover or closure 4 provided with a central aperture, in alinement with the aperture 2, in which is secured a tubular sleeve 5.

Within the casing on the bottom 1 thereof is a stationary ring 6 provided with a plurality of notches 7 the sides of which form shoulders between which loosely rest the outer ends 8 of the shutter blades 9, their thin inner ends overlapping to normally close the aperture 2. Arranged within the ring 6 is an operating or controlling member 10 carrying pins 11 extending through each of the leaves to rotate the latter upon their pivots, to open or close the lens aperture when the ring or controlling member is turned in one direction or the other. The member 10 is held in position within the ring 6 by the heads of screws 12, and at one side it is provided with a shoulder 13, extending over the ring 6 and having an end or abutment 14 with which a master member is adapted to engage, as will be further described. The member is normally operated by a spring 15, in a direction to move the leaves so that the shutteiiaperture is closed, as shown particularly in Fig. 2. Pivoted upon a screw or stud 16 is a master member 17, provided with a li or shoulder 18, adapted to cooperate wit the abutment 14 on the member 10. At its opposite end the master member is provided, upon its rear side, with a small latch projection 19 with which cooperates the end 20 of a pivoted actuating device 21, journaled upon a screw or stud 22, having the operating end or finger piece 23 projecting exteriorly of the casing, which is normally operated in one direction by a coil spring wrapped around a stud and having the end 24 engaging said actuating device. The master mem- Figs. 4 and 5 showing the master member arber is normally operated into the position,

Patented Aug. 31, 1969..

shown in Figs. 2 to 6 by means of a spring 25, and connected to the. member is a governor which is pivotally mounted and is swung from one side of its center otmovemcnt to the other with each oscillation of the controlling member to govern the movement of the latter both in opening and closing the blades.

The governor, illustrated in detail in Fig. 6, comprises a U shape body having the outer and inner overlapping legs 26 and 27 'through which passes the pivot stud 28. The extremity of the lower portion 26 of the body is slotted, as shown in Fig. 3, and the side portions thus formed embrace an outwardly extending projection 29 on the edge of the member 10 which causes the governor to be rotated from its normal osition, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, to that il ustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 during the operating movement of the blades. The governor is arranged at one side of the center line of the shutter and its pivotal point is so located relatively to the v are described by the movement of the projection 29 that the legs 26 and 27 will be rotated into a substantially vertical position as the member 10 approaches the limit of its movement in opening the blades. From this arrangement of the parts, it will be seen that the governor, hanging at one side of its pivot, acting under the influence ofgravity tends to yieldingly retard the opening movement of the blades at the instant the member 10 commences to move, but as the latter approaches the limit of its movement the governor approaches a vertical osition so that little if any power is require to overcome its weight and the power of its resistance is decreased during the opening movement of the blades. The governor standing in a substantiallyvertical position and preferably slightly to one side of its pivot offers no resistance to the movement of the controlling member 10 when operating to close the shutter blades, but, on the contrary, assists in the movement of the member in this direction permitting the blades to be closed withgreat rapidity; The governor may be made as heavy as desired to control the movement of the member 10 by increasing the size or thickness of the legs forming the body-portion, but I prefer to attach to one of the legs thereof, a weight such as 30 which may be adjusted as conditions may require, and to this end 1 provide the outer leg 27 with cars 31 by means of which the weight may be detachably secured thereon.

The desirability of a retarding device in a shutter of this kind will be apparent when it is taken into consideration that in order to insure a proper operation of the parts, it is desirable to make the motor spring 25 of suilicient strength to operate the shutter blades under al conditions and to afford a positive 0 is; rg oi the blades against the tension of .I .1.,. W. i we spring is. Caving to the ruinuteness or the parts and their light weight, such a spring is liable to cause too rapid an operation of the blades when the parts of the shutter are set for making the so-c'alled instantaneous exposures, consequently it has been found desirable to regulate the speed of shutters designed to be sold in the open market and used by the public at large by the retarding governing device so that instantaneous exposures under ordinary conditions of light will not produce under-exposed negatives.

Mounted upon a stud is an arm or sup port 33 having an outer end 34, forming a guide on which is carried a reciprocatory member 35, held in position thereon by a loop 36 passing over the arm 34 and a headed stud 37 operating through an elongated aperture 38 in said arm. The member 35 is provided with a bulb stop 39 adapted to cooperate with a projection 40, on the master member and it also has a time stop 41 cooperating with a projection 42 on the master member. The reciprocatory member 35 also carries a pin 43 which extends into an elongated aperture 44 formed in an arm of the actuating member 21 as shown in Figs. 2, 7 and 3. The projections 39 and 41 extend outwardly from the member 35 and are of different lengths, the former being slightly greater in width than the latter, so that they only engage with their respective bulb and time stop projections 4t) and 42 when they are adjusted transversely of the path of' movement of said projections and are in operative alinement therewith. The stud 32 is surrounded by a spring 45 which bears against the lower side of the arm or sup ort 33 and the latter is primarily adjusted by means of the screw 32 and is normally moved outwardly by the spring 45 to hold the stop projections on the reciprocatory member 35 out of cooperative position with the proj ections on the master member. The arm 33 is also provided near its free end with a slot forming two fingers 46 straddling a stud 47 on which is pivoted the exposure controlling lever 48 having two cam shoulders 49 and 50 extending downwardly from its inner end and cooperating with the edge of the arm. The outer end of the lever, projecting exteriorly of the casing, has its extremity formed as an index finger cooperating with the letters I, B and T, appearing upon an outwardly curved extension on the upper edge of the front plate or cover 4, and indicating the respective positions of the lever for instantaneous, bulb, or time exposures.

To make a bulb exposure, the operator first adjusts the lever 48 so that the guide 34' supports the reeiprocatory member 35 in position to carry its projection 39 into the path of the projection 40 when the master member is released, as shown Fi 5 in which posi- ,s tion it will be held and the movement or the inity 60 forming 1111 l1 eoperstes with 11111110111 lex characters arranged 011 th1 front or i' the shutter (215i zes 01' the aperture hules 52 upon correspond of he ,liz1ph1z1, =r11 parts casin is uec0111pjsl1ed i1 its extre whic cover 4 0 M the g 111e111her.

tuatlng devlee 1t Will be various s1 1101101 39 to her I vhich in turn releases the member 1 g the shutter l1] position the sing of the blades ney the abuhnent l4 engagin master jee he operated al posltio czmsmg the pro 1e retracted and the master held in t 5, the 010 18 on the 1 releasln the mi in Fig.

ng device is -1 time ted l) d hu she 111g prevented l) t e shoulder Upo returned to its 0f the snrin 24 l leased,

5. In a photogra' hic shutter the combi nation with pivote exposure blades and a controlling member for actuating them, of a governing device pivoted at one side of the controlling member and operatively connected thereto, so as to be oscillated by the movement of the member in opening and closing the blades, said governing device being arranged in depending position at one side of its center of movement when the blades are closed.

6. In a photographic shutter the combination with pivoted exposure blades and a controlling member for actuating them, of a weighted pivoted member normally supported at one side of its pivot and operatively connected to the controlling member and ada ted to be adjusted by said member, during t e opening movement of the blades, into a substantially vertical position above its pivot.

7. In a photographic shutter the combination with a casing, exposure blades therein and an oscillating member controllin the o ening and closing movement of the hides, o a retardin device pivoted within the easing and oscillated on its pivot by the movement of the controlling member.

8. In a photographic shutter the combination with a casing, exposure blades therein and an oscillating member controlling the opening and closing movement of the blades, 0 a retarding device comprising a body portion pivoted within the casing and adapted to be rocked on itspivot by the movement of the controlling member and a weight supported on said body portion.

9. In a photograp ic shutter the combination with a casing, exposure blades therein and an oscillating member controllin the opening and closing movement of the b ades and a projection on said member, of a retarding device pivoted within the casing and comprising two arms, one of which is free, the

seaaee other embracing the projection on said member and a weight attached to the free arm.

10. The combination with a shutter casing having a rear wall provided with an exposure aperture and studs thereon for securing the casing to a support, of a cap plate fitted between and secured to the casing by engagement with the studs, adjustable dia hragm leaves and a member for o eratin t em all arranged between the cap p ate an casing.

11. The combination with a shutter casing having a rear wall provided with an aperture,

diaphragm mechanism com rising adjustable blades for regulating the size of the aperture and devices on said rear wall securing said mechanism thereon and serving also to secure the shutter casing to its support.

12. The combination with a shutter casing having a rear wall provided with an aperture and adjustable overlapping blades for regulating the size ofthe aperture, of a plate covering said blades having an offset edge extending toward the wall of the casing, 21. ring for adjusting the blades ournaled within said edge and an operating handle on the ring projecting beyond the edge of the eas- 111 $13. The combination with a shutter casing having a rear wall provided with an aperture and adjustable overlapping blades for regulating the size of the aperture, of a plate covering the blades having an offset edge and a laterally extending rim thereon resting against the wall of the casing, studs thereon having shoulders overhanging said rim and a ring for adjusting the blades journaled beneath the late and having an operating fiandle pro ecting outwardly beneath the atter.

PAUL J. MARKS. Witnesses I G. WILLARD Bron, H. H. Sums. 

